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Interoceanic Passages

Abivin

It is standard procedure to unload some Mediterranean-bound ships and use the Sumed pipeline to move the excess cargo. billion tons of cargo (as of 2020). The majority of the transported cargo is made up of containers, grains, and petroleum. This rule persisted up to the Second World War and Malaysia's independence in 1957.

Panama 52
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High Seas Troubles Affect Global Supply Chains, Part One: Security Risks

Enterra Insights

”[2] They go on to explain, “Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has turned the Black Sea into a gauntlet of warships and mines, navigated by grain-laden bulk carriers sailing under the fragile consent of two warring states. Suddenly, that pillar of the international order shows signs of buckling.”[2]